基于TCD脑血流频谱评估颅脑损伤患者颅内压的研究进展

经颅多普勒（TCD）可以动态无创地监测和评估脑血管血流动力学变化，而颅内压（ICP）是评估颅脑损伤患者颅内病情的重要指标。临床工作中一直在探索一种准确、方便的无创ICP监测方法，由于TCD具有床旁无创、低廉快捷的优势，并且通过TCD检测脑血流频谱还可间接评估ICP变化，对临床治疗有重要的指导意义。本文综合国内外研究，结合ICP监测技术和TCD技术，并整合既往文献中基于搏动指数建立ICP评估模型的公式方法，就TCD脑血流频谱评估ICP的研究进展作一综述。     

体视学法在颅内血肿体积测量的应用

目的介绍改进后的体视学法测量颅内血肿体积,并验证其准确性。方法在92例颅内出血的CT图像上,同时运用体视法、CT定量法测量颅内血肿体积,以CT定量法的结果为标准验证体视法的准确性。结果按血肿体积大小分为5组,各组CT定量法、体视学法所测得体积采用配对样本的t检验分析P值皆大于0.05,即CT定量法、体视学法所测血肿体积无统计学差异。结论体视学法测量颅内血肿准确可靠,在CT工作站对颅内血肿病例行胶片打印排版时,在图像上加上合适的网格,可方便临床医生快速运用体视法准确测量颅内血肿体积。     

新型生物可降解腔静脉滤器的设计研究

目的为了弥补目前临床应用中腔静脉滤器的缺陷,本研究设计了一款新型生物可降解型腔静脉滤器,在肺栓塞危险期度过后,滤器可缓慢的降解、吸收,避免了二次取出手术。方法该款滤器由手工制作,分为上下2部分:上方是由6条聚糖乳酸缝线组成的圆锥形过滤结构;下方是聚己内酯支架,支架展开后实现滤器在腔静脉的中央型固定。在超声引导下,将滤器植入到10只犬体内。术后6周手术取出滤器,下腔静脉和肺组织行病理学检查,观察滤器的降解情况、下腔静脉壁的改变以及滤器的降解产物是否导致医源性肺栓塞。结果本研究手工制作了生物可降解滤器,并成功的植入到10只杂交犬的下腔静脉。术后所有犬均正常存活,未发生异常生命体征及伤口感染,有1例犬出现双下肢肿胀。1滤器移位:所有滤器不同程度的向头端移位。有1例犬的植入滤器移位至右房室孔,剩余的9例,滤器移位小于2 cm,仍位于肾静脉以下。2标本肉眼所见:所有的可降解支架被下腔静脉内皮细胞覆盖,肉眼未见明显的变化。滤器植入处下腔静脉壁增厚,但未出现明显狭窄。8例犬可见可吸收缝线完全降解,1例犬出现可吸收缝线被下腔静脉壁包裹,管腔内可见增生的纤维结缔组织和少量炎性细胞浸润,导致约70%的管腔阻塞。3标本HE染色:9例犬下腔静脉均存在炎性反应,中膜和内膜增厚,肺组织切片未见到降解产物所致的肺动脉栓塞和肺动脉壁的炎性反应。结论本研究成功设计了一款生物可降解腔静脉滤器,并通过动物体内实验证实这款滤器具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性。     

Diagnosis of abdominal mural aortic thrombus following discovery of common femoral artery and vein thrombosis by point-of-care ultrasound

Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is a limb-threatening and life-threatening disease process. Mural aortic thrombosis (MAT) is a rare cause of ALI. While there is limited evidence on the use of bedside ultrasound for the detection of ALI or MAT, duplex ultrasound remains the standard in the diagnosis and ultimate medical decision-making in patients with acute and chronic limb ischemia. Point-of-care ultrasound may be used in the evaluation of patients with signs and symptoms of this disease entity. This is a case of a 79-year-old female with a complicated medical history, who presented with a pulseless right leg and abdominal tenderness. The patient quickly decompensated requiring intubation for airway protection. A post-intubation arterial blood gas (ABG) was unsuccessfully attempted in the right femoral artery, prompting an ultrasound-guided ABG. On B-mode ultrasound evaluation, echogenic material was visualized in the right common femoral artery without evidence of Doppler flow signal. Additionally, a partially obstructing echogenic material was also noted at the femoro-saphenous vein junction with only partial compressibility by compression sonography. A computed tomography angiography of the aorta was performed indicating extensive infrarenal aortic thrombosis. The patient expired despite the relatively prompt diagnosis, highlighting the importance of early identification of acute arterial occlusion.     

Pattern of Venous Thrombosis in Cancer Patients: Frequency and Survival Effect; Single Center Experience

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) represents one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. This investigation was undertaken to investigate the natural history of VTE in the oncology center in a tertiary care hospital. We did a retrospective study on cancer patients who presented to King Abdullah Medical city in Holly capital; a tertiary care hospital; from May 2011 to June 2013. Follow up period was calculated from time of VTE diagnosis till the last clinical visit or till patient death. Among 1,678 cancer patients, 132 (7.87 %) were diagnosed with VTE. The median patient age was 53.5 years, with female to male ratio 1.3/1. Thirty one patients (23.5 %) were diagnosed with VTE and cancer simultaneously, seventy four patients (56.1 %) were on chemotherapy and twenty eight patients (21.2 %) were on best supportive care.VTE were symptomatic in 110 patients (83.3 %) and asymptomatic in 22 patients (16.7 %). Lower limbs were the commonest site (42.4 %) with the highest incidence in patients with advanced stages (93 %). Forty nine (37 %) patients were receiving LMWH as prophylaxis. Median survival in months for patients with VTE prophylaxis versus without prophylactic, and asymptomatic versus symptomatic were (12.6 vs 6.3; p 0.12 and 9.8 vs 12.4; p 0.885, respectively). There is underutilization of thromboprophylaxis in our region, which needs more effort to reduce VTE burden. Also we need large prospective studies to clarify the impact of VTE symptoms and presentation on patient’s survival.